The first way that the Odysseus' story links to the stages of a heros journey is through all the tests, trials, allies, and enemies he has met so far in the book. Even though it is the sixth step of the heros journey, the Iliad takes place before the Odyssey so I am sure that steps 1-5 were in the Iliad. The main test and trial he has met thus far was when Poseidon creates the storm that almost kills him as he was trying to travel back home from the nymphs island.
Secondly, through this trial he met his one obvious enemy: Poseidon, as well as some allies like the river goddess, Athena, the princess, and the nymph that kept him on the island (she is an ally to some extent). With out the danger that he was put through, he would never have met these people or created alliances with them. Step six is basically the only step in the heros journey that we have come across in the Odyssey so far.
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